ALLYL ALCOHOL

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
CAS NO.

107-18-6

ALLYL ALCOHOL
EINECS NO. 203-470-7
FORMULA CH2=CHCH2OH
MOL WT. 58.04
H.S. CODE 2905.12

TOXICITY

Oral rat LD50: 64 mg/kg
SYNONYMS 3-Hydroxypropene; Vinylcarbinol; Propenol;

2-Propen-1-ol; Propenyl alcohol; Alcool Allilco (Italian); Alcool Allylique (French); Allilowy Alkohol (Polish); Allylalkohol (German);

SMILES

 

CLASSIFICATION

 

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE clear liquid, pungent odor.
MELTING POINT < -50 C
BOILING POINT 96 - 97 C
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 0.85
SOLUBILITY IN WATER Miscible (32 g/100 ml)
pH

 
VAPOR DENSITY  
AUTOIGNITION

440 C
NFPA RATINGS Health: 3; Flammability: 3; Reactivity: 0

REFRACTIVE INDEX

 1.413
FLASH POINT

21 C
STABILITY Stable under ordinary conditions

APPLICATIONS
Allyl alcohol is a clear liquid, boiling at 96 C; soluble in water. It is highly toxic and hazardous to the environment. It requires special attention to handling procedures. It is made by the hydrolysis of allyl chloride or isomerization of propylene oxide. It is used as a starting material in making various polymers, pharmaceuticals, pesticides and other allyl compounds. Allyl- is the prefix for the univalent organic group, -CH2=CHCH2. Allyl alcohol is an example, CH2=CHCH2OH, clear, pungent liquid, boiling at 96 C; soluble in water. It is prepared from allyl chloride by hydrolysis. Allyl compound, an alkene hydrocarbon, has a vinyl group, CH2=CH-, attached to a methylene -CH2. Because of the highly reactive solid bond, allyl can undergo free radical addition to solid bond which readily combine with themselves or other monomers to form homopolymers or co-polymers which are used in the production of coatings, adhesives and elastomers. In addition to free radical addition, allyl compounds can participate in a wide variety of reactions including electrophilic additions, allylic substitution and oxidation.  Allyl, an unsaturated bond, imparts a characteristic odor in some compounds. An example is allyl isothiocyanate which is the main ingredient of black mustards. (white mustard consists principally of p-hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate). Allyl isothiocyanate is called mustard oil. Allyl esters are involved in fragrance, flavor, or odor.
SALES SPECIFICATION

APPEARANCE

 clear liquid

PURITY

99.0% min
OH IMPURITY 0.8% max

ALDEHYDE IMPURITY

0.2% max

COLOR, APHA

20 max

WATER

0.3% max
TRANSPORTATION
PACKING 170kgs in drum
HAZARD CLASS 6.1 (Packing Group: I)
UN NO. 1098
OTHER INFORMATION
European Hazard Symbols: T F N, Risk Phrases: 10-36/37/38-50, Safety Phrases: 9-16-33-36/37/38-45-61

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ALCOHOL

Alcohols are widely used as solvents, fuels and chemical raw materials. Generally, hydroxyl group compounds are polar, which trends to promote solubility in water. But the carbon chain resist to solubility in water. Short chain alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and propanol) in which the hydroxyl group predominates are miscible in water. Butanol is moderately soluble because of the balance between the two opposing solubility trends. Higher alcohols are practically insoluble in water because of the hydrocarbon chain's trend is stronger. Alcohols are "protic" solvents. Protic refers to a hydrogen atom attached to an electronegative atom, oxygen. Polar protic solvents are compounds that can be represented by the general formula ROH of which water (H2O), methanol (CH3OH) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) are examples. Water-soluble alcohols, low-molecular weight products, are solvents for the manufacture of coatings, dyes and inks, plastics, flavorings, personal-care products, pharmaceuticals, and cleaners. The higher alcohols, slightly soluble in water or insoluble, can provide the proper balance of target properties when solvent-based solvents are formulated for desired viscosity, flowing and leveling, and curing rate and can be used as coupling agents in waterborne coatings.

Alcohols are very weak acids as they lose H+ in the hydroxyl group. Alcohols undergoes dehydration reaction which means the elimination of water molecule  replaced by a pi bond between two adjacent carbon atoms to form alkenes under heating in the presence of strong acids like hydrocloric acid or phosphoric acid. Primary and secondary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes and ketones respectively. Carboxylic acids are obtained from oxidation of aldehydes. Oxidation in organic chemistry can be considered to be the loss of hydrogen or gain of oxygen and reduction to gain hydrogen or loss of oxygen. Tertiary alcohols do not react to give oxidation products as they have no H attached to the alcohol carbon. Alcohols undergoes important reactions called nucleophilic substitution in which an electron donor replaces a leaving group, generally conjugate bases of strong acids, as a covalent substitute of some atom. One of important reaction of alcohol is condensation. Ethers are formed by the condensation of two alcohols by heating with sulfuric acid; the reaction is one of dehydration. Almost infinite esters are formed through condensation reaction called esterification between carboxylic acid and alcohol, which produces water. Alcohols are important solvents and chemical raw materials. Alcohols are intermediates for the production of target compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, veterinary medicines, plasticizers, surfactants, lubricants, ore floatation agents, pesticides, hydraulic fluids, and detergents.

Carbinol is a primary alcohol with general formula RCH2OH. In carbinol nomenclature system, the term of carbinol is methanol itself and other groups are considered to have replaced one of the methanol hydrogen atoms to describe larger alcohols as derivatives of carbinol. This nomenclature system is particularly useful when the groups attached to the methanol carbon are large, aromatic, and cyclo groups. Benzyl alcohol is called phenylcarbinol or benzenecarbinol while benzyl carbinol is phenylethyl alcohol.